Vaccines

Kathryn Ranieri-Lawless

Biology

Proctor High School, Utica, NY

Introduction:

Infographic from: vaccinenews.net

Parents Refusal to vaccinate their children is on the rise, what does this do to our public health?

Task:

Task picture from clker.com

You will research and present on what risks are involved with not vaccinating children.

Goal for each group:

· Describe the risks of not vaccinating children

· Understand the herd effect

· Describe the benefits of vaccination

· Using the PPA you will develop a poster demonstrating the pros and cons for vaccination

· Present the findings of your poster to the class, each member will present on an aspect of poster.

Process/Procedure:

Picture from Openlawlab.com

You will work in groups of 4 assigned by the teacher. Use the steps and worksheet from the Science PPA site found here: http://www2.maxwell.syr.edu/plegal/ppas/welcome.html

1. Define problem

2. Gather Evidence

3. Identify Causes

4. Evaluate a policy

5. Develop Solutions

6. Selecting the best Solution based on feasibility/effectiveness

7. Benefits and Cost

· Each member of the group will investigate a website/medical journal(peer-reviewed)/ research article(peer-reviewed) or book from local library, to provide evidence on the risk of not vaccinating children.

Resources:

Photo from: briandeer.com

Dr. Andrew Wakefield’s article featured in The Lancet vol.351 Feb.28, 1998, linking vaccines to autism, is available within this article “Wakefield’s article linking MMR vaccine and autism was fraudulent” just click on the title of the article.

“Documenting Parental Refusal to have Children Vaccinated” www.2.aap.org

“Consequences of Refusing Vaccines” www.voicesforvaccines.org

“Danger Zones of Parental Vaccine Refusal” www.Sciencebasedmedicine.org

Institute for vaccine safety, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

“Documenting Parental Refusal to Accept Vaccination” www.in.gov/isdh/files/Refusal_to_Vaccinate_Form.pdf

“Parental Delay or Refusal of Vaccine Doses” www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/

http://www.autismtruths.org/pdf/Parentalvaccinesafetyconcernin2009Freidetal2010.pdf

Immunization Action Coalition (IAC) are lists of “Unprotected People Reports” case reports, journal articles and newspaper articles. www.immunize.org/reports

Books

American Academy of Pediatrics. Immunizations and Infectious Diseases: An Informed Parent’s Guide. Fisher MC, ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics;2006

Offit PA. Autism’s False Prophets: Bad Science, Risky Medicine, and the Search for a Cure. New York, NY: Columbia University Press; 2008

Offit PA. Deadly Choices: How the Anti-Vaccine Movement Threatens Us All. New York, NY: Basic Books;2011

You as a group will determine the importance of the information you gathered, meaning, is the information relevant to the problem of parents not vaccinating children.

· Once your group has valid information, design a poster that highlights the pros and cons of vaccinations.

· What are the risks involved?

· Who is most at risk?

· Are there any cases where not vaccinating a child is a good idea?

Include the answers to these questions in your poster.

· The poster should capture the interest of your audience (other students/teachers).

· Graphics should be easy to understand (statistical data chart), if you can’t interpret the data on the chart, most likely the other students won’t be able to either.

Photo from penumbrage.com

Evaluation:

1. Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts, attending to important distinctions the author makes and to any gaps or inconsistencies in the account

2. Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text; summarize complex concepts, processes , or information presented in a text by paraphrasing them in simpler but still accurate terms

3. Follow precisely a complex multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks; analyze the specific results based on explanations in the text

4. Integrate and evaluate multiple sources of information presented in diverse formats and media (e.g., quantitative data, video, multimedia) in order to address a question or solve a problem.

5. Evaluate the hypotheses, data, analysis, and conclusions in a science or technical text verifying the data when possible and corroborating or challenging conclusions with other sources of information.

6. Synthesize information from a range of sources (e.g., texts, experiments, simulations) into a coherent understanding of a process, phenomenon, or concept, resolving conflicting information when possible.

Photo from: evaluationforms.org

Task Rubric for Poster/Presenter:

CATEGORY	4 Outstanding	3 Good Effort	2 Needs Improvement	1 Missed the Mark
Required Elements Answers all questions	The poster includes all required elements as well as additional information.	All required elements are included on the poster.	All but 1 of the required elements are included on the poster.	Several required elements were missing.
Labels	All items of importance on the poster are clearly labeled with labels that can be read from at least 3 ft. away.	Almost all items of importance on the poster are clearly labeled with labels that can be read from at least 3 ft. away.	Many items of importance on the poster are clearly labeled with labels that can be read from at least 3 ft. away.	Labels are too small to view OR no important items were labeled.
Graphics - Relevance	All graphics are related to the topic and make it easier to understand. All borrowed graphics have a source citation.	All graphics are related to the topic and most make it easier to understand. Some borrowed graphics have a source citation.	All graphics relate to the topic. One or two borrowed graphics have a source citation.	Graphics do not relate to the topic OR several borrowed graphics do not have a source citation.
Attractiveness	The poster is exceptionally attractive in terms of design, layout, and neatness.	The poster is attractive in terms of design, layout and neatness.	The poster is acceptably attractive though it may be a bit messy.	The poster is distractingly messy or very poorly designed. It is not attractive.

Conclusion:

Congratulations! You have developed a poster that demonstrates your understanding and meaning on the importance of vaccinations as well as discuss and defend you’re research through presenting and answering questions. This research has provided you with skills you can rely on in your future educational endeavors.

Common Core State Standards:

Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts, attending to important distinctions the author makes and to any gaps or inconsistencies in the account

Determine the central ideas or conclusions of a text; summarize complex concepts, processes , or information presented in a text by paraphrasing them in simpler but still accurate terms

Follow precisely a complex multistep procedure when carrying out experiments, taking measurements, or performing technical tasks; analyze the specific results based on explanations in the text

Integrate and evaluate multiple sources of information presented in diverse formats and media (e.g, quantitative data, video, multimedia) in order to address a question or solve a problem.

Evaluate the hypotheses, data, analysis, and conclusions in a science or technical text verifying the data when possible and corroborating or challenging conclusions with other sources of information.

Synthesize information from a range of sources (e.g., texts, experiments, simulations) into a coherent understanding of a process, phenomenon, or concept, resolving conflicting information when possible.