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Standard - 1 - History of the United States and New
York
Students will use a variety of intellectual skills to demonstrate their
understanding of major ideas, eras, themes, developments, and turning
points in the history of the United States
and New York.
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Key Idea - 1 - The study of New York State and United States history
requires an analysis of the development of American culture, its diversity
and multicultural context, and the ways people are unified by many values,
practices, and traditions.
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Performance Indicator - analyze the development of American culture, explaining how
ideas, values, beliefs, and traditions have changed over time and how they
unite all Americans.
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Performance Indicator - describe the evolution of American democratic values and
beliefs as expressed in the Declaration of Independence, the New York State
Constitution, the United States Constitution, the Bill of Rights, and other
important historical documents.
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Key Idea - 2 - Important ideas, social and cultural values, beliefs, and
traditions from New York State and United States history illustrate the
connections and interactions of people and events across time and from a
variety of perspectives.
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Performance Indicator - discuss several schemes for periodizing the history of New
York State and the United States.
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Performance Indicator - develop and test hypotheses about important events, eras, or
issues in New York State and United States history, setting clear and valid
criteria for judging the importance and significance of these events, eras,
or issues.
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Performance Indicator - compare and
contrast the experiences of different groups in the United States.
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Performance Indicator - examine how the Constitution, United States law, and the
rights of citizenship provide a major unifying factor in bringing together
Americans from diverse roots and traditions.
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Performance Indicator - analyze the United States involvement in foreign affairs and
a willingness to engage in international politics, examining the ideas and
traditions leading to these foreign policies.
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Performance Indicator - compare and
contrast the values exhibited and foreign policies implemented by the
United States and other nations over time with those expressed in the
United Nations Charter and international law.
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Key Idea - 3 - Study about the major social, political, economic,
cultural, and religious developments in New York State and United States
history involves learning about the important roles and contributions of
individuals and groups.
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Performance Indicator - compare and contrast the experiences of different ethnic,
national, and religious groups, including Native American Indians, in the
United States, explaining their contributions to American society and
culture.
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Performance Indicator - research and analyze the major themes and developments in New
York State and United States history (e.g., colonization and settlement;
Revolution and New National Period; immigration; expansion and reform era;
Civil War and Reconstruction; The American labor movement; Great
Depression; World Wars; contemporary United States).
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Performance Indicator - prepare essays and oral reports about the important social,
political, economic, scientific, technological, and cultural developments,
issues, and events from New York State and United States history.
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Performance Indicator - understand the interrelationships between world events and
developments in New York State and the United States (e.g., causes for
immigration, economic opportunities, human rights abuses, and tyranny
versus freedom).
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Key Idea - 4 - The skills of historical analysis include the ability to:
explain the significance of historical evidence; weigh the importance,
reliability, and validity of evidence; understand the concept of multiple causation; understand the importance of
changing and competing interpretations of different historical
developments.
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Performance Indicator - analyze historical narratives about key events in New York
State and United States history to identify the facts and evaluate the
authors' perspectives.
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Performance Indicator - consider different historians' analyses of the same event or
development in United States history to understand how different viewpoints
and/or frames of reference influence historical interpretations.
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Performance Indicator - evaluate the validity and credibility of historical
interpretations of important events or issues in New York State or United
States history, revising these interpretations as new information is
learned and other interpretations are developed. (Adapted from National
Standards for United States History)
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Standard - 2 - World History
Students will use a variety of intellectual skills to demonstrate their
understanding of major ideas, eras, themes, developments, and turning
points in world history and examine the broad sweep of history from a
variety of perspectives.
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Key Idea - 1 - The study of world history requires an understanding of
world cultures and civilizations, including an analysis of important ideas,
social and cultural values, beliefs, and traditions. This study also
examines the human condition and the connections and interactions of people
across time and space and the ways different people view the same event or
issue from a variety of perspectives.
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Performance Indicator - define culture and civilization, explaining how they
developed and changed over time. Investigate the various components of
cultures and civilizations including social customs, norms, values, and
traditions; political systems; economic systems; religions and spiritual
beliefs; and socialization or educational practices.
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Performance Indicator - understand the development and connectedness of Western
civilization and other civilizations and cultures in many areas of the
world and over time.
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Performance Indicator - analyze historic events from around the world by examining
accounts written from different perspectives.
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Performance Indicator - understand the broad patterns, relationships, and
interactions of cultures and civilizations during particular eras and
across eras.
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Performance Indicator - analyze changing and competing interpretations of issues,
events, and developments throughout world history.
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Key Idea - 2 - Establishing time frames, exploring different
periodizations, examining themes across time and within cultures, and
focusing on important turning points in world history help organize the
study of world cultures and civilizations.
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Performance Indicator - distinguish between
the past, present, and future by creating multiple-tier timelines that
display important events and developments from world history across time
and place.
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Performance Indicator - evaluate the effectiveness of different models for the
periodization of important historic events, identifying the reasons why a
particular sequence for these events was chosen.
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Performance Indicator - analyze
evidence critically and demonstrate an understanding of how circumstances
of time and place influence perspective.
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Performance Indicator - explain the importance of analyzing narratives drawn from
different times and places to understand historical events.
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Performance Indicator - investigate key events and developments and major turning
points in world history to identify the factors that brought about change
and the long-term effects of these changes.
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Key Idea - 3 - Study of the major social, political, cultural, and
religious developments in world history involves learning about the
important roles and contributions of individuals and groups.
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Performance Indicator - analyze the roles and contributions of individuals and groups
to social, political, economic, cultural, and religious practices and
activities.
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Performance Indicator - explain the dynamics of cultural change and how interactions
between and among cultures has affected various cultural groups throughout
the world.
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Performance Indicator - examine the social/cultural, political, economic, and
religious norms and values of Western and other world cultures.
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Key Idea - 4 - The skills of historical analysis include the ability to
investigate differing and competing interpretations of the theories of
history, hypothesize about why interpretations change over time, explain
the importance of historical evidence, and understand the concepts of
change and continuity over time.
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Performance Indicator - identify historical problems, pose analytical questions or
hypotheses, research analytical questions or test hypotheses, formulate
conclusions or generalizations, raise new questions or issues for further
investigation.
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Performance Indicator - interpret and
analyze documents and artifacts related to significant developments and
events in world history.
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Performance Indicator - plan and organize historical research projects related to
regional or global interdependence.
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Performance Indicator - analyze different interpretations of important events,
issues, or developments in world history by studying the social, political,
and economic context in which they were developed; by testing the data
source for reliability and validity, credibility, authority, authenticity,
and completeness; and by detecting bias, distortion of the facts, and
propaganda by omission, suppression, or invention of facts. (Taken from
National Standards for World History)
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Standard - 3 - Geography
Students will use a variety of intellectual skills to demonstrate their
understanding of the geography of the interdependent world in which we
live-local, national, and global-including the distribution of people,
places, and environments over the Earth's surface.
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Key Idea - 1 - Geography can be divided into six essential elements
which can be used to analyze important historic, geographic, economic, and
environmental questions and issues. These six elements include: the world
in spatial terms, places and regions, physical settings (inculding natural
resources) and, human systems, environment and society, and the use of
geography. (Adapted from The National Geography Standards, 1994: Geography
for Life).
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Performance Indicator - understand how to develop and use maps and other graphic
representations to display geographic issues, problems, and questions.
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Performance Indicator - describe the
physical characteristics of the Earth's surface and investigate the
continual reshaping of the surface by physical processes and human
activities.
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Performance Indicator - investigate the characteristics, distribution, and migration
of human populations on the Earth's surface. (Taken from National Geography
Standards, 1994)
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Performance Indicator - understand the development and interactions of
social/cultural, political, economic, and religious systems in different
regions of the world.
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Performance Indicator - analyze how the forces of cooperation and conflict among
people influence the division and control of the Earth's surface. (Taken
from National Geography Standards, 1994)
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Performance Indicator - explain how technological change affects people, places, and
regions.
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Key Idea - 2 - Geography requires the development and application of the
skills of asking and answering geographic questions; analyzing theories of
geography; and acquiring, organizing, and analyzing geographic information.
(Adapted from: The National Geography Standards, 1994: Geography for Life).
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Performance Indicator - plan, organize, and present geographic research projects.
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Performance Indicator - locate and gather
geographic information from a variety of primary and secondary sources.
(Taken from National Geography Standards, 1994)
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Performance Indicator - select and design maps, graphs, tables, charts, diagrams, and
other graphic representations to present geographic information.
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Performance Indicator - analyze geographic information by developing and testing
inferences and hypotheses, and formulating conclusions from maps,
photographs, computer models, and other geographic representations.
(Adapted from National Geography Standards, 1994)
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Performance Indicator - develop and
test generalizations and conclusions and pose analytical questions based on
the results of geographic inquiry.
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Standard - 4 - Economics
Students will use a variety of intellectual skills to demonstrate their understanding
of how the United States and other societies develop economic systems and
associated institutions to allocate scarce resources, how major
decision-making units function in the U.S. and other national economies,
and how an economy solves the scarcity problem through market and nonmarket
mechanisms.
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Key Idea - 1 - The study of economics requires an understanding of major
economic concepts and systems, the principles of economic decision making,
and the interdependence of economies and economic systems throughout the
world.
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Performance Indicator - analyze the effectiveness of varying ways societies, nations,
and regions of the world attempt to satisfy their basic needs and wants by
utilizing scarce resources.
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Performance Indicator - define and apply basic economic concepts such as scarcity,
supply/demand, opportunity costs, production, resources, money and banking,
economic growth, markets, costs, competition, and world economic systems.
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Performance Indicator - understand the nature of scarcity and how nations of the
world make choices which involve economic and social costs and benefits.
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Performance Indicator - describe the ideals, principles, structure, practices,
accomplishments, and problems related to the United States economic system.
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Performance Indicator - compare and
contrast the United States economic system with other national economic
systems, focusing on the three fundamental economic questions.
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Performance Indicator - explain how economic decision making has become global as a
result of an interdependent world economy.
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Performance Indicator - understand the roles in the economic system of consumers,
producers, workers, investors, and voters.
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Key Idea - 2 - Economics requires the development and application of the
skills needed to make informed and well-reasoned economic decisions in
daily and national life.
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Performance Indicator - identify, locate, and evaluate economic information from
standard reference works, newspapers, periodicals, computer databases,
monographs, textbooks, government publications, and other primary and
secondary sources.
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Performance Indicator - use economic information by identifying similarities and
differences in trends; inferring relationships between various elements of
an economy: organizing and arranging information in charts, tables, and
graphs; extrapolating and making conclusions about economic questions,
issues, and problems.
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Performance Indicator - apply a problem-solving model to identify economic problems
or issues, generate hypotheses, test hypotheses, investigate and analyze
selected data, consider alternative solutions or positions, and make
decisions about the best solution or position.
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Performance Indicator - present economic information and conclusions in different
formats, including graphic representations, computer models, research
reports, and oral presentations.
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Standard - 5 - Civics, Citizenship, and Government
Students will use a variety of intellectual skills to demonstrate their
understanding of the necessity for establishing governments; the
governmental system of the U.S. and other nations; the United States
Constitution; the basic civic values of American constitutional democracy;
and the roles, rights, and responsibilities of citizenship, including
avenues of participation.
§Key Idea - 1 - The study
of civics, citizenship, and government involves learning about political
systems; the purposes of government and civic life; and the differing
assumptions held by people across time and place regarding power,
authority, and governance, and law. (Adapted from The National Standards
for Civics and Government, 1994).
§Performance Indicator - analyze
how the values of a nation and international organizations affect the
guarantee of human rights and make provisions for human needs.
§Performance Indicator - consider
the nature and evolution of constitutional democracies throughout the
world.
§Performance Indicator - compare
various political systems with that of the United States in terms of
ideology, structure, function, institutions, decision-making processes,
citizenship roles, and political culture.
§Performance Indicator - identify and analyze
advantages and disadvantages of various governmental systems.
§Key Idea - 2 - The state
and federal governments established by the Constitutions of the United
States and the State of New York embody basic civic values (such as
justice, honesty, self-discipline, due process, equality, majority rule
with respect for minority rights, and respect for self, others, and
property), principles, and practices and establish a system of shared and
limited government. (Adapted from The National Standards for Civics and
Government, 1994).
§Performance Indicator - trace
the evolution of American values, beliefs, and institutions.
§Performance Indicator - analyze
the disparities between civic values expressed in the United States
Constitution and the United Nation Universal Declaration of Human Rights
and the realities as evidenced in the political, social, and economic life
in the United States and throughout the world.
§Performance Indicator - identify, respect, and
model those core civic values inherent in our founding documents that have
been forces for unity in American society.
§Performance Indicator - compare and contrast
the Constitutions of the United States and New York State.
§Performance Indicator - understand
the dynamic relationship between federalism and state's rights.
§Key Idea - 3 - Central to
civics and citizenship is an understanding of the roles of the citizen
within the American constitutional democracy, and the scope and limitations
of a citizen's rights and responsibilities.
§Performance Indicator - understand
how citizenship includes the exercise of certain personal responsibilities,
including voting, considering the rights and interests of others, behaving
in a civil manner, and accepting responsibility for the consequences of
one's actions. (Adapted from The National Standards for Civics and
Government,1994)
§Performance Indicator - analyze
issues at the local, state, and national levels and prescribe responses
that promote the public interest or general welfare, such as planning and
carrying out a voter registration campaign.
§Performance Indicator - describe
how citizenship is defined by the Constitution and important laws.
§Performance Indicator - explore
how citizens influence public policy in a representative democracy.
§Key Idea - 4 - The study
of civics and citizenship requires the ability to probe ideas and
assumptions, ask and answer analytical questions, take a skeptical attitude
toward questionable arguments, evaluate evidence, formulate rational
conclusions, and develop and refine participatory skills.
§Performance Indicator - participate
as informed citizens in the political justice system and processes of the
United States, including voting.
§Performance Indicator - evaluate, take, and
defend positions on what the fundamental values and principles of American
political life are and their importance to the maintenance of
constitutional democracy. (Adapted from The National Standards for Civics
and Government, 1994)
§Performance Indicator - take, defend, and evaluate
positions about attitudes that facilitate thoughtful and effective
participation in public affairs.
§Performance Indicator - consider
the need to respect the rights of others, to respect others' points of
view. (Adapted from The National Standards for Civics and Government, 1996)
§Performance Indicator - participate
in school/classroom/community activities that focus on an issue or problem.
§Performance Indicator - prepare
a plan of action that defines an issue or problem, suggests alternative
solutions or courses of action, evaluates the consequences for each
alternative solution or course of action, prioritizes the solutions based
on established criteria, and proposes an action plan to address the issue
or to resolve the problem.
§Performance Indicator - explain
how democratic principles have been used in resolving an issue or problem.
English Language
Arts
Standard 1: Language for
Information and Understanding
Students will listen,
speak, read, and write for information and understanding. As listeners and
readers, students will collect data, facts, and ideas; discover
relationships, concepts, and generalizations; and use knowledge generated
from oral, written, and electronically produced texts. As speakers and
writers, they will use oral and written language that follows the accepted
conventions of the English language to acquire, interpret, apply, and
transmit information.
Standard 2: Language for
Literary Response and Expression
Students will read and
listen to oral, written, and electronically produced texts and performances
from American and world literature; relate texts and performances to their
own lives; and develop an understanding of the diverse social, historical,
and cultural dimensions the texts and performances represent. As speakers
and writers, students will use oral and written language that follows the
accepted conventions of the English language for self-expression and
artistic creation.
Standard 3: Language for
Critical Analysis and Evaluation
Students will listen,
speak, read, and write for critical analysis and evaluation. As listeners
and readers, students will analyze experiences, ideas, information, and
issues presented by others using a variety of established criteria. As
speakers and writers, they will use oral and written language that follows
the accepted conventions of the English language to present, from a variety
of perspectives, their opinions and judgments on experiences, ideas,
information and issues.
Standard 4: Language for
Social Interaction
Students will listen, speak,
read, and write for social interaction. Students will use oral and written
language that follows the accepted conventions of the English language for
effective social communication with a wide variety of people. As readers
and listeners, they will use the social communications of others to enrich
their understanding of people and their views.
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