International Union v. Johnson Controls Decision:
The United States Supreme Court reversed. It held that the policy was sex discrimination forbidden under Title VII because: 1) the policy required only female employees to prove that she was not capable of reproducing; 2) under the Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 (PDA) sex discrimination includes discrimination on the basis of pregnancy and the employer's policy treats all females as potentially pregnant; 3) since fertile women are as efficient in the process as others, there is no business necessity for the policy and; 4) concern about the next generation was not the essence of the employer's business.

You have now completed the Dred Scott v. Sandford analysis using the Project LEGAL method.

If you wish to investigate this case in further detail, CompuLEGAL has created Follow Up Questions that identify some of the issues it raises.  You may also want to read the entire International Union v. Johnson Controls decision.

If you are done with this case and wish to examine a new case, you should return to the CompuLEGAL Database.

You may also return to the Project LEGAL Homepage to find a list of legal links, to use Public Policy Analyst, or if you are enrolled in one of Project LEGAL's programs, to Ask-A-Legal-Eagle your legal question!